Often merely intensive, and in many of the older borrowings from French and Latin the precise sense of re- is forgotten, lost in secondary senses, or weakened beyond recognition, so that it has no apparent semantic content ( receive, recommend, recover, reduce, recreate, refer, religion, remain, request, require). OED writes that it is 'impossible to attempt a complete record of all the forms resulting from its use,' and adds that 'The number of these is practically infinite. The many meanings in the notion of 'back' give re- its broad sense-range: 'a turning back opposition restoration to a former state 'transition to an opposite state.' From the extended senses in 'again,' re- becomes 'repetition of an action,' and in this sense it is extremely common as a formative element in English, applicable to any verb.

In some English words from French and Italian re- appears as ra- and the following consonant is often doubled (see rally (v.1)). In earliest Latin the prefix became red- before vowels and h-, a form preserved in redact, redeem, redolent, redundant, redintegrate, and, in disguise, render (v.). Watkins (2000) describes this as a 'Latin combining form conceivably from Indo-European *wret-, metathetical variant of *wert- 'to turn.' De Vaan says the 'only acceptable etymology' for it is a 2004 explanation which reconstructs a root in PIE *ure 'back.' 1200, from Old French re- and directly from Latin re- an inseparable prefix meaning 'again back anew, against.' Word-forming element meaning 'back, back from, back to the original place ' also 'again, anew, once more,' also conveying the notion of 'undoing' or 'backward,' etc. Follow us on Twitter (opens in new tab) or Facebook (opens in new tab). 5 (opens in new tab).įollow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter (opens in new tab). 1, deploying the satellites lower than the desired 190-mile-high (300 kilometers) orbit, the space data publisher Seradata tweeted on Oct. Alpha's upper stage apparently underperformed on Oct. Outside observers have noticed a possible issue with 'To The Black' as well. That first mission was lost after one of the rocket's first-stage Reaver engines shut down prematurely.

1 mission was a demonstration flight called 'Alpha Flight 2: To The Black.' The name was a reference to it being the second orbital launch for Alpha, following an attempt from Vandenberg in September 2021. (This appears to translate from Latin along the lines of 'conquer the night,' although its exact meaning has not been disclosed by the Space Force's Space Domain Awareness program.)įirefly's Oct. 3) to loft a space domain awareness payload called Victus Nox. Space Force, signing a nearly $18 million deal (opens in new tab) Monday (Oct. (Image credit: Everyday Astronaut/Firefly Aerospace)įirefly will also launch for the U.S. Firefly Aerospace's Alpha rocket launches from Vandenberg Space Force Base on Oct.

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